During medieval period of Indian history the historical literature generally consisted of dynastic and regional histories, biographies and memoirs. But the failure to assess and study them with reference to their author’s social, cultural and religious backgrounds, methods, forms of expression, concept of history and the like has resulted in an incomplete and distorted picture of the times. The writings of the period bear testimony to the fat that the medieval historians lacked in an understanding of the social and economic forces that bring about vital changes in societies and fall of kingdoms. This volume brings out the trends and methods of the leading historians of medeiaeval India like Kalhan, Barani, Badauni, Khafikhan, we also find that Abul Fazl was the first Indian historian to adopt a rational and secular appraoch to history. He tried to establish a close relationship between history and philosophy and extended the evidential basis of his works by consulting the archival records and other accounts. The study of mediaeval Indian history along modern lines was started by British scholars in the late eighteenth century. Since most of them were administrators, they narrowed down the scope of history to politics and administration mainly relying upon Parsian historical works and European travellers’ accounts without any serious effort to analyse, interpret and understand the material.